Sumo is one of the oldest sports in Japan with some religious roots. It has been popular since the Japanese Edo period (1603-1868) and with the exception of a few downs has never lost its popularity until our days. No wonder that Japanese printmakers jumped on the bandwagon and created woodblock prints that celebrated these popular folk heroes.
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Designs of sumo wrestlers began to show up during the 18th century with designs by Moronobu, Shigenobu, Buncho and Isoda Koryusai (1735-1790). Artists like Katsukawa Shunsho (1726-1792), Shinei and Shunko refined this new genre. Later also Utamaro Kitagawa - (1750-1806), Sharaku and Choki created prints of sumo wresters and sumo fights.
Towards the end of the 18th century sumo wrestling had reached a great popularity with two exceptional wrestlers - Tanikaze Kajinosuke and Onogawa Kisaburo. These two wrestlers kept the title of Yokozuna, the highest rank among sumo wrestlers. Both men received the title in 1789. Tanikaze died in 1795 and Onogawa retired in 1797.

In the 19th century it was mainly the Utagawa School under the leadership of Kunisada I and Kunisada II that was dominant in creating sumo prints. But also Kuniyoshi Utagawa made sumo designs for ukiyo-e (Japanese woodblock prints).
The popularity of sumo for Japanese woodblock prints dwindled during the 20th century. Junichiro Sekino (1914-1988) contributed to this old genre in realistic but modern style. And in the 1980s the Japan Sumo Association had commissioned a series portraying famous, contemporary sumo wrestlers to Daimon Kinoshita, born 1946. The prints were published by Kyoto Hanga-in.
Dieter Wanczura
(August 2009)




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